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List of African-American United States Cabinet Secretaries
The United States Cabinet has had 20 African-American appointed officers. By definition, African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Black Population: 2010 )〕 Originally, African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved in America.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Time Line of African American History, 1881-1900 )〕 No African American ever held a Cabinet position before the Civil Rights Movement or the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and labor unions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964) )〕
Robert C. Weaver became the first African American to hold a Cabinet-level position when he was appointed United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in 1966 by President Lyndon B. Johnson.〔 In 1975, Secretary of Transportation William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr. became the first Republican African American appointed to the Cabinet.〔 Patricia Roberts Harris became the first African-American female cabinet member when she was appointed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in 1977. In 1979, Harris became the first African American to be head of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which was split into the departments of Education and Health and Human Services in the same year.〔 Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice's appointments as Secretary of State made them the highest-ranking African Americans in the United States presidential line of succession.〔
The Department of Housing and Urban Development has had the most African-American Secretaries, with four. The Department of Transportation has had three. The departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, State, and Veterans Affairs have each had two. The departments of Homeland Security, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Energy, and Education has each had one. The three existing departments of Defense, Interior, and Treasury have not had African-American Secretaries. President Bill Clinton has appointed the most African Americans to the Cabinet during his tenure, with seven.
==African-American Secretaries==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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